Thursday 30 October 2014

Merits and demerits of 30 year tenure on Home loans In India


Currently most of the banks have risen the home loan tenure up to 30 years owing to the increase in the interest rates from last 18 months depicting an increase of 250 – 300 basis points. This increase have led the borrowers into huge financial trouble in order to match up their EMI’s with their paying capacity. Having a look on this increasing trouble, RBI has given a permission to increase the tenure of home loan up till 30 years. And the result is that the most of the banks have increased the loan repayment tenure by 10 years. For some people it is a matter of an advantage but for some other, it is looking more like a disadvantage. So, let’s find out its merits and demerits. Have a look below:

Merits of 30 year tenure on Home Loans:

Decrease in the EMI’s: As a result of increase in the loan tenure up till 30 years, the loan EMI gets reduced by 16% (as per the research). This is because the interest period gets extended and the amount of interest gets distributed for longer period and hence, the EMI’s gets reduced. This has given a benefit for those whose EMI payment capacity is less and to those who feels little bit overburdened with huge EMI’s.

Affordable housing and a sigh of relief: Many of us dream of our own house but the huge prices and high rate of interests on home loans always discourage us to take a crucial step. But, now with the increase in the loan tenure by 10 years, have actually made the housing affordable with less EMI’s and distributed interest amount. Many of the borrowers gets a sigh of relief owing to the reduction in EMI’s and increase in loan tenure.

Increase in Loan Eligibility in terms of loan amount: As the tenure gets increased, people gets more loan eligibility in terms of loan amount. As there is an increase in tenure, it is assumed to have an increase in income of the borrower in future and thus his/her eligibility in terms of loan amount gets increased.

Increase in Loan Eligibility in terms of age of the borrower: Earlier the borrower gets a home loan up to the period of his retirement or 60 years. But, now with an increase in the loan tenure, the borrower can get a loan for the maximum age of 70 years (maximum in case of repayment of loan).

More beneficial to young people getting less salary: People who are getting less salary and who are young can be benefitted the most with an increase in the loan tenure. As people with less salary can afford the low EMI’s and can opt for longer term as they would be capable enough at that point of time to repay the loan, a 30 year loan tenure for younger people would not be more.

In pre closure cases, this option works out fruitful: In case you want to prepay the loan (in any case after certain period), this option works out fruitful as from your pocket less EMI’s would go, rendering no overburden and a financial crunch to you and your family.

Demerits of 30 year tenure on Home Loans:

High amount of interest: Although you are paying low EMI’s but still the total amount of interest that you are paying over a period of 30 years is very high, which is indigestible once you calculate the amount of total interest.

Burden for 30 years: There would be a huge burden on your shoulders till you prepay the loan amount. For 30 years, carrying a stress of debt can render you certain types of diseases like blood pressure, depression and heart problems.

Not relevant for aged people: If you are an old man nearing an age of 40’s and 50’s, then this option will not work out for you. As 30 years will be very high to determine your stable and regular income.

In case of floating interest rates, there is a huge risk of increasing interest rates: Over a period of 30 years, there is a huge risk of increase in interest rates when you are opting for floating interest rates. Such rise with an inflation can dig your pocket so deep, keeping it all empty.
Therefore, these are the merits and demerits of increase in loan tenure up to 30 years. In nutshell, it is a beneficial option for those whose EMI paying capacity is less and those who are young.

Monday 6 October 2014

Home Loans: Understanding Your Amortization Schedule

What is an amortization schedule?

A home loan amortization table is the repayment schedule depicting the EMI components of interest and principal and the outstanding balance for every month for the entire home loan period.

How is it calculated?

In order to prepare the amortization schedule you will need to first calculate the EMI on your loan. To do this you will require data on the loan amount or principal, the loan tenor and the interest rate applicable on your loan.

The overall EMI remains constant every month but the way the amount is split between interest and principal payments differs for each month.



At the start of the loan period, a larger part of the amount repaid every month is apportioned towards interest payments. With a progression in tenor, the amount apportioned towards interest reduces and the principal repayments are larger.

This happens because interest is calculated on a monthly reducing balance method. Under this, interest payable is calculated on the balance outstanding at the end of every month. The balance outstanding reduces as more and more of the loan is repaid, thereby reducing interest payable in the subsequent months.

The below illustration details the calculations involved:

Loan Amount
Loan Tenor
Interest Rate
Rs.10,00,000
5 years
10% p.a.


EMI = (P*i)^\ X (1+i)^n
            {(1+i)^n} - 1
where,
P= Principal or Loan Amount
i = interest rate p.m.
n = loan tenor in months

EMI = (10,00,000 * 0.00833) X (1 + 0.00833) ^ 60  =  Rs. 21,247
[(1 + 0.00833) ^ 60] - 1

where,
Principal = Rs.10,00,000
Interest rate p.m. = 10%/12 = 0.00833
Loan tenor (i.e. 5 years) in months = 60 months


Total Amount Payable = EMI * Loan Tenor in months
 = Rs.21,247 * 60
 = Rs. 12,74,820

Total Interest Due = Rs. 12,74,820 - Rs.10,00,000 = Rs.2,74,820

Based on this data, the repayment or amortization schedule is presented as given below:

Month
Opening Balance
Principal Repaid
Interest Paid
Outstanding Balance
1
10,00,000
12,914
8,333
9,87,086
2
9,87,086
13,021
8,226
9,74,065
3
9,74,065
13130
8,117
9,60,935
4
9,60,935
13239
8,008
9,47,696
5
9,47,696
13350
7,897
9,34,346
…..
…..
…..
…..
…..
55
1,23,845
20215
1,032
1,03,630
56
1,03,630
20383
864
83,247
57
83,247
20553
694
62,694
58
62,694
20725
522
41,969
59
41,969
20897
350
21,072
60
21,072
21071
176
0


The figures in the table are arrived at as follows:


First Month:

Interest paid = Principal X Interest rate p.m.
         = Rs.10,00,000 X 0.00833
         = Rs.8,333

Principal repaid = EMI - Interest
              = Rs.21,247 - Rs.8,333
              = Rs.12,914

Balance Outstanding (i.e. Opening Balance 2nd month)
= Principal - EMI
= 10,00,000 - 21,247
= Rs.9,87,086

Second Month:

Interest Paid = Balance Outstanding X Interest rate p.m.
                      = Rs.9,87,086 X 0.00833                                                           
          = Rs.8,226

Principal Repaid = EMI - Interest
                = Rs.21,247 - Rs.8,226
                = Rs.13,021

Balance Outstanding (i.e. Opening Balance 3rd month)
= Opening Balance 2nd month - EMI
= 9,87,08 - 21,247
= Rs.9,74,065

Third Month:

Interest Paid = Balance Outstanding X Interest rate p.m.
                      = 9,87,086 X 0.00833
                      = Rs.8,117


Principal Repaid = EMI - Interest payable
                = Rs.21,247 - Rs.8,117
                = Rs.13,130

Balance Outstanding (i.e. Opening Balance 4th month)
= Opening Balance 3rd month - EMI
= 9,74,065 - 21,247
= Rs.9,60,935

These calculations are repeated for every month of the loan period. In the last month i.e. the 60th month, the last interest payment is made and the entire principal is repaid leaving no balance outstanding.




EMI and Amortization Calculators:

The calculations on your home loan may appear tedious and time-consuming, and they well may be, especially for those who find it difficult to deal with numbers. The process becomes even more time-consuming when trying to make comparisons between lenders or incorporating pre-payments in the schedule. To resolve this issue, online financial tools like EMI calculators and amortization calculators are made available by various online financial services providers. Among the leading sites is that of Bank Bazaar’s, who's online financial tools allow users to not only arrive at required answers but also displays data in a user-friendly format.